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Zephyr RTOS Beta

Jungo WinDriver and Zephyr RTOS form a powerful combination for developers building embedded systems with PCIe connectivity. WinDriver accelerates the creation of custom PCIe drivers without requiring kernel-level coding, while Zephyr provides a lightweight, open-source real-time operating system optimized for resource-constrained devices.

To make this integration seamless, Jungo provides ready-to-use sample applications that run under QEMU emulation with Zephyr:

• pci_diag: A general-purpose example for basic PCI operations such as reading and writing to PCIe configuration space, I/O, and memory BARs, as well as handling interrupts. Available for both x86_64 and ARM64 QEMU.

• xdma_diag: Demonstrates usage of Xilinx’s XDMA IP under Zephyr, running in x86_64 QEMU emulation.

• avalonmm_diag: Showcases Altera’s Avalon MM DMA for PCIe IP on x86_64 QEMU emulation.

These files are extremely useful for anyone pairing WinDriver with Zephyr, as they provide ready-made, proven test cases and a reliable foundation for building and validating PCIe-enabled applications.

Simply complete the contact form on the right to start your download.

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This guide explains how to set up QEMU for WinDriver on Zephyr, handle common issues, experiment with the EDU device, and configure PCI passthrough for testing on physical hardware. It also outlines how to port Zephyr to new platforms.

By following these steps, developers gain several advantages:

  • Rapid Emulation with QEMU
    Quickly bring up WinDriver in a virtualized Zephyr environment without needing immediate access to hardware. This reduces development risk and accelerates early driver testing.

  • Troubleshooting Common Issues
    The guide documents known QEMU pitfalls (like MSI support and Slirp packet warnings) and provides workarounds, saving developers hours of debugging time.

  • Safe Experimentation with the EDU Device
    QEMU’s built-in EDU device allows you to experiment with PCI operations in a controlled sandbox. This makes it easier to learn and test before applying changes to real-world hardware.

  • Hardware-Accurate Testing with PCI Passthrough
    Using VFIO passthrough, developers can validate their drivers directly against real devices inside a VM. This ensures that what works in emulation also works on physical PCIe hardware, bridging the gap between simulation and production.

  • Future-Proof Portability with Zephyr
    By leveraging Zephyr’s porting framework, you can move your driver stack to custom boards and platforms. Combined with WinDriver, this provides a smooth path from prototype to deployment.

In short, this workflow empowers teams to prototype faster, debug smarter, and deploy with confidence, making WinDriver and Zephyr an ideal combination for embedded driver development.


WinDriver On Zephyr Workflow

Set up QEMU for WinDriver on Zephyr

  1. Install QEMU on your host computer (Linux recommended).
    See the official Download QEMU page for detailed installation instructions.

    2.  

  2. Download the WinDriver Zephyr samples. WinDriver includes three sample projects, each with a QEMU script to boot in QEMU.

 

Samples included:

  • pci_diag – General-purpose PCI example: read/write PCIe configuration space, PCIe I/O, memory BARs, and interrupt handling. Supports x86_64 and ARM64 QEMU emulation.
  • xdma_diag – Example for Xilinx XDMA IP, available on x86_64 QEMU emulation.
  • avalonmm_diag – Example for Altera Avalon MM DMA for PCIe IP, available on x86_64 QEMU emulation.

Run a sample: download the WinDriver Zephyr package, navigate to the desired sample folder, and execute the matching QEMU script.

Shell

# For x86_64
$ chmod +x x86_64.sh
$ ./x86_64.sh

# For ARM64 – QEMU version above 6.2 is needed
$ chmod +x aarch64.sh
$ ./aarch64.sh

 

Exit QEMU: press CTRL + A, then x.

 

The QEMU scripts (what they do)

The WinDriver samples are distributed as ELF binaries built specifically for running WinDriver on QEMU on x86_64 and ARM64. Each sample includes a bash script that boots the ELF in QEMU—setting CPU, memory, network device, serial console, and loading the ELF so Zephyr starts automatically.

x86_64

For x86_64 samples, two ELFs are provided: a locore ELF and a main ELF.

  • The locore ELF initializes the CPU and sets up early environment.
  • The main ELF contains the Zephyr kernel and the application.

Example x86_64 script:

Shell

#!/bin/bash
args=(
    -m 1G
    -cpu qemu64
    -smp cpus=2
    -no-reboot
    -nographic
    -device e1000,netdev=net0
    -netdev user,id=net0
    -serial mon:stdio
    -device loader,file=pci_diag_x64_zephyr-qemu-main.elf
    -kernel pci_diag_x64_zephyr-qemu-locore.elf
    -device edu,dma_mask=0xffffffff
)
qemu-system-x86_64 "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null

 

ARM64

For QEMU ARM64, QEMU 6.2+ is required. Only the pci_diag sample is available, as a single ELF.

Example ARM64 script:

Shell

#!/bin/bash
args=(
    -m 1G
    -cpu cortex-a53
    -smp cpus=2
    -machine virt,gic-version=3
    -global virtio-mmio.force-legacy=false
    -no-reboot
    -nographic
    -device e1000,netdev=net0
    -netdev user,id=net0
    -serial mon:stdio
    -kernel pci_diag_zephyr_arm64.elf
    -device edu,dma_mask=0xffffffff
)
qemu-system-aarch64 "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null

 

Known issues

AARCH64 MSI not supported (older QEMU): Use QEMU 6.2+ to avoid:

Shell

qemu-system-aarch64: MSI is not supported by interrupt controller

 

Slirp warning (harmless): If you remove 2>/dev/null from the scripts, QEMU may print:

Shell

qemu-system-x86_64: Slirp: Failed to send packet, ret: -1

 

This does not affect functionality. Restore 2>/dev/null to suppress it.

EDU device (optional test device)

You can include QEMU’s EDU device for functional testing. For example, the pci_diag script includes:

Shell

-device edu,dma_mask=0xffffffff

 

See the QEMU EDU device documentation for details.

 

PCI passthrough (VFIO) for testing on real hardware

You can test WinDriver directly with your physical PCIe device using VFIO PCI passthrough.

 

1) Enable IOMMU in the kernel (GRUB)

Edit /etc/default/grub:

Intel:

Shell

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"

 

AMD:

Shell

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="amd_iommu=on iommu=pt"

 

Update GRUB and reboot:

Shell

$ sudo update-grub
$ sudo reboot

 

2) Bind the device to the VFIO driver

Load VFIO:

Shell

$ sudo modprobe vfio-pci

 

Identify your device (e.g., GPU or NIC):

Shell

$ lspci -nn

 

Suppose the device ID is 1234:5678. Bind it to VFIO:

Shell

$ echo "1234 5678" | sudo tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id

 

3) Configure the VM (use BDF)

 

Get the BDF:

Shell

$ lspci -Dnn

 

You’ll see something like:

Shell

0000:00:05.0 Unclassified device [00ff]: Device [1234:11e8] (rev 10)

 

Here the BDF is 0000:00:05.0.

Add to QEMU arguments:

Shell

-device vfio-pci,host=<Your BDF>

 

4) Boot and test

Start QEMU (passthrough requires elevated privileges). Once the VM boots you should see the WinDriver main menu.

Enter 2 and your device should appear.

 

Porting Zephyr to new hardware

To port Zephyr to custom hardware, follow the official Zephyr porting guide.

Benefits

Simplified Driver Development
WinDriver abstracts low-level complexities, making it easier to build and test drivers on Zephyr RTOS
Cross-Platform PCIe & DMA Support
Seamlessly supports PCIe, XDMA, and Avalon-MM DMA devices across x86_64 and ARM64 QEMU environments.
Faster Prototyping and Debugging
Precompiled Zephyr samples with QEMU scripts allow quick setup and validation without dedicated hardware.
Scalable for Embedded to Enterprise
Combines Zephyr’s lightweight RTOS with WinDriver’s robust APIs, enabling scalable solutions from IoT to enterprise systems.
Full Benefits
Guidance
Features
Technical Data

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Software License Agreement of WinDriver (TM) Version v16.5.0
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  1. DISTRIBUTION OF FILES.

 

    (a) You may not distribute, or otherwise transfer or assign, any portion of the Software, including any of the headers or source files that are included in the Software, unless otherwise expressly permitted in this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Section 4 above.

 

    (b) Subject to your full and continued compliance with the terms of this Agreement, including the ongoing payment of annual license fees, you may distribute the following files:

 

Windows:
– windrvr1650.sys
– windrvr1650_legacy.sys
– windrvr1650.inf
– windrvr1650.cat
– wdapi1650.dll
– wdapi1650_32.dll
– wdapi1650_arm64.dll
– wdapi_dotnet1650.dll
– wdapi_dotnet1650_32.dll
– wdapi_netcore1650.dll
– wdapi_java1650.dll
– wdapi_java1650.jar
– wdreg.exe
– difxapi.dll
– devcon.exe

Linux:
– windrvr_gcc_v3.o_shipped
– windrvr_gcc_v3_regparm.o_shipped
– kp_linux_gcc_v3.o
– kp_linux_gcc_v3_regparm.o
– libwdapi1650.so libwdapi1650_32.so
– libwdapi_java1650.so
– libwdapi_java1650_32.so
– wdapi_java1650.jar
– wdapi_netcore1650.dll
– kp_wdapi1650_gcc_v3.o_shipped
– kp_wdapi1650_gcc_v3_regparm.o_shipped
– linux_wrappers.c
– linux_wrappers.h
– wdusb_linux.c
– wdusb_interface.h
– wd_ver.h
– linux_common.h
– windrvr.h
– windrvr_usb.h
– wdsriov_interface.h
– wdsriov_linux.c
– wdreg
– configure makefile.in
– configure.wd makefile.wd.in
– makefile.wd.kbuild.in
– configure.usb
– makefile.usb.in
– makefile.usb.kbuild.in
– setup_inst_dir

macOS:
– libwdapi1650.dyld
– libwdapi_java1650.jar
– libwdapi_java1650.dyld
– wdapi_netcore1650.dll
– WinDriver1650.kext
– WinDriver1650.dext
– wd_mac_install.sh
– wd_mac_uninstall.sh

 

    (c) The files listed in Section 5.b above may be distributed only as part of a complete application that you distribute under your organization name, and only if they significantly contribute to the functionality of your application. For avoidance of doubt, each organization distributing these files as part of the organization products is required to have valid license(s) under the organization name/VID, irrespective of the party who actually performed the product development. Licenses granted to subcontractors do not grant distribution or other rights to the organizations for which they are developing.

 

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